var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-27747415-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); A collection of infographics, research material, art and spontaneous thoughts related to urban agriculture, sustainability and the Vertical Theory project.: Vertical Farms: A Sustainable Approach to Urban Agriculture To see all photos taken during the research, design and build phase of this project check out my flickr set. #mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; width:360px;} /* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */ Subscribe to our mailing list * indicates required Email Address * Email Format html text mobile var fnames = new Array();var ftypes = new Array();fnames[0]='EMAIL';ftypes[0]='email';fnames[1]='FNAME';ftypes[1]='text';fnames[2]='LNAME';ftypes[2]='text'; try { var jqueryLoaded=jQuery; jqueryLoaded=true; } catch(err) { var jqueryLoaded=false; } var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (!jqueryLoaded) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = 'http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js'; head.appendChild(script); if (script.readyState && script.onload!==null){ script.onreadystatechange= function () { if (this.readyState == 'complete') mce_preload_check(); } } } var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = 'http://downloads.mailchimp.com/js/jquery.form-n-validate.js'; 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var f = $(input_id); if (ftypes[index]=='address'){ input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-addr1'; f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0); } else if (ftypes[index]=='date'){ input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-month'; f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0); } else { input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]; f = $().parent(input_id).get(0); } if (f){ $(f).append(html); $(input_id).focus(); } else { $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show(); $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg); } } } catch(e){ $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show(); $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg); } } } Abstract The goal of this project is to design vertical farming systems to promote agriculture in urban environments. As the availability of food, water and energy resources becomes scarcer in an age of detrimental climate change, it will become paramount for food resources to be produced locally and for individuals, families and communities to become self-sufficient in regards to food, waste and energy. As oil prices increase, air quality declines and the global food supply diminishes, alternative methods of farming will be essential to urban living. Indoor vertical gardens and farms utilize minimal space compared to traditional farming, efficiently using space while simultaneously improving air quality, providing insulation to structures, and supplying fresh foods. An ideal urban vertical farm system will address the food needs of individuals, families or small communities. Vertical farms can be either a collection of plants grown horizontally in a vertical system or a literally vertical vegetated wall surface. Rain collection systems that impart water directly to soil or plants will be tested in order to minimize consumption and maximize efficiency of water and energy use during the growing process. Plants will ideally rely on passive sunlight but other lighting options will also be explored. The system may also include elements to address home waste and grey water serving a dual function of food supply and waste filtration. A verifiable and functional system could provide a long-term solution for individual users to increasing food prices and decreasing usable farmland. This project addresses larger global sustainability needs by creating a solution that is implemented on a small scale. Keywords: Vertical Garden, Vertical Farm, Urban Garden, Urban Farm, Urban Agriculture, Industrial Agriculture, Rain Reclamation, Grey Water, LED, Hydroponic, Aeroponic, Green Wall Problem Statement Traditional farmlands are in a state of constant destruction and failure due to droughts, floods, pests and other detrimental elements created by global climate change. As the global population rapidly approaches 10 billion people there will no longer be sufficient farmland to supply food to all individuals. The United Nations reports that in 1970 there was one acre of farmland per person, this decreased to one-half acre in 2000 and is estimated to reach one-third acre by the year 2050. Seventy percent of globally available fresh water is currently used for irrigation, rendering it useless for drinking once contaminated by fertilizers, pesticides or one of the myriad of potentially hazardous chemicals used on industrial crops. Urban farming addresses the ever increasing need of local and affordable foods by bringing food production to the individual, family or community. In recent years there has been a rise in demand for locally grown fruits and vegetables and an increase in urban farming programs including community gardens. Progress towards a new paradigm in agriculture is occurring but requires additional education, systems research and implementation. This project is intended to serve as an additional stepping stone in the process of shifting from large scale industrial agriculture to smaller-scale local urban farming. As farming moves from traditional farmlands to urban areas, farmlands that have been damaged by monoculture, harsh chemicals and overuse will be revitalized and returned to a more natural ecological state. In order to protect the diminishing available fresh water, rain water capture and recapture of water within the structure could be utilized for indoor farming systems. Additionally, vertical farms will reduce the production of greenhouse gas emission by limiting energy consumption for growing and shipping. Urban vertical farms could be grown in the homes, at schools or in restaurants – offering fresh fruits and vegetables for immediate consumption and cooking. Modern life has led to a rampant increase in obesity and related health problems such as diabetes. Vertical farms could provide local, fresh, unprocessed foods to a larger under-served population such as those living in low-income communities. Fresh, organic foods are often costly and not accessible to these communities. Accessibility to full service grocery stores is often diminished in low-income communities forcing families to turn to low-quality processed foods offered in convenience stores and fast food restaurants. Indoor vertical gardens will also provide improved air quality and serve as thermal barriers/insulators. Because indoor vertical farms will rely on passive sunlight they will be visible to both the inhabitants and the outside world, creating a beautification of urban environments. The perceived advantages of a vertically oriented system include an efficient use of space, gravity as a function of watering plants in a hydroponic system, and maximum accessibility to passive sunlight through windows (able to use entirety of window). Aesthetic qualities are also an important consideration. There is a perceived innate value in plant life that tends to provide an aspect of beauty, but the system itself can greatly diminish or accentuate that beauty depending on arrangement of components, materials used and technologies in place.Tumblr (3.0; @verticaltheory)http://www.vertical-theory.com/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_farming">Wild Farming - Wikipedia</a>: <p><a class="tumblr_blog" href="http://permatech.tumblr.com/post/23849018879/wild-farming-wikipedia" target="_blank">permatech</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>The agricultural technique known as “Wild Farming” is a growing alternative to “<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_farming" title="Factory farming" target="_blank">factory farming</a>”. <strong>Wild farming</strong> consists of planting crops that are highly associated and supportive to the natural ecosystem.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-imh_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_farming#cite_note-imh-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></sup> This includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercropping" title="Intercropping" target="_blank">intercropping</a> with native plants, following the contours and geography of the land, and supporting local food chains.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alt_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_farming#cite_note-alt-1" target="_blank">[2]</a></sup> The goal is to produce large crop yields, while still promoting a healthy environment. Wild farming is a backlash against the dominance of factory farming. Up until the mid 20th century, agicultural crop yields relied on natural inputs such as rainfall patterns, natural soil resources, recycling of organic matter, and built-in biological control mechanisms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alt_1-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_farming#cite_note-alt-1" target="_blank">[2]</a></sup> Currently, agricultural practices have been conventionalized to include large monocropped fields and use of synthetics: pesticides and fertilizers. Avoiding the conventional farming practices, wild farming adopts many practices from sustainable agricultural systems such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroecology" title="Agroecology" target="_blank">agroecology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture" target="_blank">permaculture</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_farming" title="Forest farming" target="_blank">forest farming</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywater" title="Greywater" target="_blank">greywater</a> systems. The four basic guiding principles of the wild farming movement are:</p> <p>1. Direct managers to develop long-term vision for future of landscape</p> <p>2. Basic recognition of ecosystem processes.</p> <p>3. High value on biological diversity.</p> <p>4. To consider the quality of life of the community as well as the self.</p> <p>via <a class="tumblr_blog" href="http://fuckyeahpermaculture.tumblr.com/post/23730017909/wild-farming-wikipedia" target="_blank">fuckyeahpermaculture</a></p> </blockquote>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23963859676http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23963859676Mon, 28 May 2012 20:16:10 -0400kmackay<img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4flbpQCnR1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p>via <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Farmer-D-Organics/195638330269" target="_blank">Farmer D Organics</a></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23547175382http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23547175382Tue, 22 May 2012 11:50:13 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4e3i6kSOa1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><h3><a href="http://inhabitat.com/model-citizens-creates-a-hub-for-emerging-green-creatives-at-ny-design-week/shelf-planters-by-dominic-fiorello-studio/?extend=1" target="_blank">Plant Pods by Domenic Fiorello Studio</a></h3> <p><span>Create a green wall in a modern and minimalistic way with </span><a href="http://domenicfiorello.com/" target="_blank">Domenic Fiorello Studio</a><span>’s Plant Pods. Each shelf-like planter can hold a small succulent that doesn’t require much water. The pods are made from white oak.</span></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495586753http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495586753Mon, 21 May 2012 16:27:42 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4e3fdHYCF1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><h3><a href="http://inhabitat.com/model-citizens-creates-a-hub-for-emerging-green-creatives-at-ny-design-week/" target="_blank">Greenhouse Island by Peter Buley</a></h3> <p><span>Short on space and hungry for some fresh greens? This kitchen island by designer and woodworker </span><a href="http://www.analogmodern.com/" target="_blank">Puter Buley </a><span>allows apartment dwellers to better utilize their limited space by turning a common household feature into what’s essentially a greenhouse. The design uses energy-efficient lights — two LEDs and 2 T5 CFL — and is sure to provide for some interesting lighting scenarios.</span><span> </span></p> <p><span>via Inhabitat</span></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495500832http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495500832Mon, 21 May 2012 16:26:01 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4e3c70z0p1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><h3><a href="http://inhabitat.com/model-citizens-creates-a-hub-for-emerging-green-creatives-at-ny-design-week/terrarium-mask-by-krystal-persaud/" target="_blank">Terrarium Mask by Krystal Persaud</a></h3> <h3>Here’s another one for a post-apocalyptic world — <a href="http://www.krystalpersaud.com/" target="_blank">Krystal Persaud</a>’s terrarium mask uses living plants to filter pollution. Simply zip open the terrarium mask and enjoy some fresh oxygen.</h3> <p><span><br/><br/><br/></span></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495403371http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23495403371Mon, 21 May 2012 16:24:07 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4dyjeGthw1qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p><h1><a href="http://www.foodandtechconnect.com/site/2012/05/11/infographic-weight-of-the-nation-obesity-prevention/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Infographic of the Week: Weight of the Nation & Obesity Prevention" target="_blank">Weight of the Nation & Obesity Prevention</a></h1></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23490593996http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23490593996Mon, 21 May 2012 14:40:26 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4dxjyMC4h1qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p>Bay Area Maker Faire 2012</p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23489702659http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23489702659Mon, 21 May 2012 14:19:10 -0400kmackay<img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4dxfwuMnZ1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><h1><a href="http://www.foodandtechconnect.com/site/2012/05/07/infographic-organic-food-beverages-reaches-29-2-billion-in-2011/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Infographic of the Week: Organic Food & Beverage Sales Reach $29.2 Billion in 2011" target="_blank">Organic Food & Beverage Sales Reach $29.2 Billion in 2011</a></h1></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23489601742http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23489601742Mon, 21 May 2012 14:16:44 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4d8zw37u61qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p>Bay Area Maker Faire 2012</p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23472996795http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23472996795Mon, 21 May 2012 05:28:44 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4d8rq67Mg1qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p>Bay Area Maker Faire 2012!</p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23472907392http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23472907392Mon, 21 May 2012 05:23:50 -0400kmackay<img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m4725eF2MG1qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p>Emeryville Community Garden</p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23263735531http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23263735531Thu, 17 May 2012 21:15:14 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m46g4q90Uo1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><h1 class="post-title single-title entry-title"><a href="http://crispgreen.com/2012/05/artist-transforms-furniture-into-indoor-micro-farms/" rel="bookmark" title="Artist Transforms Furniture Into Indoor Micro-Farms" target="_blank">Artist Transforms Furniture Into Indoor Micro-Farms</a></h1> <h3>Opening this month in a New York gallery, Jenna Spevack’s urban agriculture inspired exhibition showcases in-home micro-farms.</h3> <h3>See more images and read the <a href="http://crispgreen.com/2012/05/artist-transforms-furniture-into-indoor-micro-farms/" target="_blank">full story here.</a> </h3></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23235330548http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23235330548Thu, 17 May 2012 13:19:38 -0400artdesignjenna spevackmixed greens galleryurban agurban agriculturekmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m46e8mRgTV1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><h1 class="post-title single-title entry-title"><a href="http://greenupgrader.com/19934/bay-area-maker-faire/" rel="bookmark" title="Sneak Peek: Top 7 Sustainable Exhibits to See at Maker Faire Bay Area this Weekend" target="_blank">Sneak Peek: Top 7 Sustainable Exhibits to See at Maker Faire Bay Area this Weekend</a></h1> <h3>This Saturday and Sunday, makers and DIYers from across the country will be showing their work, doing demos and leading how-to sessions at Maker Faire Bay Area.</h3> <p>Vertical Theory will be there too! Read the full story <a href="http://greenupgrader.com/19934/bay-area-maker-faire/" target="_blank">here. </a> </p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23233667636http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23233667636Thu, 17 May 2012 12:38:46 -0400maker fairesan mateobay area maker fairevertical theorykaren mackaykmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m45p3sX6nj1qa9dlko1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p><h1 class="photo-title" id="title_div7110374643"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/azure_magazine/7110374643/" target="_blank">Bocci lights by Omer Arbel</a></h1></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23219138887http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23219138887Thu, 17 May 2012 03:35:52 -0400designartglassliving wallkmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lgzms88Mbg1qatvuao1_r1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><a class="tumblr_blog" href="http://rabbitisland.tumblr.com/post/3431507929/about" target="_blank">rabbitisland</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p><strong><br/></strong></p> </blockquote>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23210635734http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23210635734Wed, 16 May 2012 23:33:21 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m44wi0q3A11qcg2dno1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><a class="tumblr_blog" href="http://liquidsand.tumblr.com/post/23183776027/the-gathering-grove-by-ryo-sekino-via-new-glass" target="_blank">liquidsand</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>The Gathering Grove by <a href="http://www.ryosekino.com/" target="_blank">Ryo Sekino</a></p> <p>via <a href="http://www.cmog.org/library/gathering-grove-slide?sm_vid_Technique=blown&sm_vid_Subjects=Glass%20art%20Japan%2021st%20century%20Pictorial%20works.&goto=node/51201&filter=%22bundle%3Alibrary%20AND%20bs_new_glass_review%3Atrue%22&sort=bs_has_image%20desc%2Cscore%20desc&object=7" target="_blank">New Glass Review</a></p> </blockquote>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23184772985http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23184772985Wed, 16 May 2012 17:32:43 -0400artglassnaturekmackay<img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m44lnadCmy1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><h1 class="post-title single-title entry-title"><a href="http://crispgreen.com/2012/05/brick-biotope-modular-homes-for-urban-wildlife/" rel="bookmark" title="Brick Biotope: Modular Homes For Urban Wildlife" target="_blank">Brick Biotope: Modular Homes For Urban Wildlife</a></h1> <p><a href="http://extra.wdka.nl/fabrikaat/team-1-moulding/" target="_blank"><em>Brick Biotope</em></a><span> is a series of bricks designed specifically to provide a natural living environment for birds within the urban landscape. Inspired by the disappearance of the House Sparrow in the Netherlands, </span><em>Brick Biotope</em><span>responds to the desire to create hand-made objects in a digital world…Read more <a href="http://crispgreen.com/2012/05/brick-biotope-modular-homes-for-urban-wildlife/" target="_blank">here</a>. </span></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23171700062http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23171700062Wed, 16 May 2012 13:23:34 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m437zpC7ue1r064gzo1_500.png"/><br/><br/><p><a class="tumblr_blog" href="http://sfmoma.tumblr.com/post/23131045628/ever-since-r-buckminster-fuller-popularized-the" target="_blank">sfmoma</a>:</p> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p><em>Ever since R. Buckminster Fuller popularized the design in the mid-20th century, there’s been something captivating about the geodesic dome. While the structure typically makes architecture lovers salivate, now it’s conquering the heart of another type of urbanist: the city farmer. A new dome-based prototype promises an affordable method of rooftop aquaculture for apartment and commercial buildings—as the website calls it, getting “fish from the sky.” </em></p> </blockquote> <p>(via <a href="http://www.good.is/post/a-geodesic-dome-promises-fish-from-the-sky/" target="_blank">A Geodesic Dome Promises Fish from the Sky - GOOD</a>)</p> </blockquote>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23135219213http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23135219213Tue, 15 May 2012 20:29:26 -0400kmackay<img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m42xqsjOMv1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><a href="http://cooper.edu/events-and-exhibitions/events/michael-ben-eli-sustainability-by-design" target="_blank">Check it out today New York. </a></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23116832364http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23116832364Tue, 15 May 2012 15:49:40 -0400kmackay<img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m42wo6LM6p1qa9dlko1_500.jpg"/><br/><br/><p><div class="headline"> <h1 class="title"><span><a href="http://www.hayesvalleyfarm.com/blog/605-homestead-skillshare-festival.html" target="_blank">Homestead SKILLSHARE FESTIVAL</a></span></h1> </div> <p class="articleinfo"><span><br/></span></p></p>http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23115570566http://www.vertical-theory.com/post/23115570566Tue, 15 May 2012 15:26:30 -0400kmackay